In a grid view (i.e. the regular Table widget), you can select a row, and copy-paste it into a new row. Then you can change just the fields you want. This is how you would do something like this in Excel or Google Sheets.
Regardless of the mode, it seems simpler to me to use a shortcut like CTRL + D (for duplication) which will create a new record with the same data. The user will then only have to modify the necessary fields.
Regarding the remark about choice lists, what you can do to avoid copying/pasting same list of choice many places is to use a Reference List instead.
To do so, first create a table, let’s call it Choices, give it a column named label and then enter one record for each of your choices. Then whenever you need a to pick among this choices, create a Reference List column using the Choices table that you’ve just created. Don’t forget also to set the Show Column to the correct column (ie: label in our example).